A monitoring and alarm system for the ship’s engine room based on CAN bus is introduced in this paper. ), The revolution line on the barrel should be understood first. �?^�.= �kߛvm��p�v
Analog and Digital Sections were put into, additional monitored functions. 18. If it is desired to check the accuracy of a micrometer, any block or combination of blocks within the range of the micrometer can be used. This instrument is described later. Outside calipers are used for measuring outside dimensions, for example, the diameter of a piece of round stock. A steel square, 16 X 24 inches, is shown in Fig. This permits an additional adjustment of 1/2 inch to be obtained. The various units of measurement are taken up in the mathematics lessons, and the student should be thoroughly familiar and able to work with such units. The proposed design technique, including fault diagnostic algorithm, have been subjected to real-time online testing at the shipyard, specifically ChangjiangWaterway Bureau, China (ship name-Ning Dao 501). However, today modern ships are equipped with the most modern equipment and technologies to its different parts to improve voyage at sea. The OPC tags were then connected to, the LabVIEW through the creation of I/O server, that updates. Bureau, the School of International Studies of Jiangsu Univer-. scaled, and labeled for easier identification by the operator. Signal indicators were, color coded – Red signifies “Fault“ whereas Green indicates. 0”.
171, that when zero on the vernier coincides with zero on the thimble, the next graduation on both vernier and thimble will be 0.0001 inch apart, the second pair will be 0.0002 inch apart, and so on, until the graduations coincide again at zero on the vernier. The monitoring system can record any alarm status and save it in hard disk or printer with time stamp.
6 to 8), including voltages, currents, temperatures, and pressures. The design method employs, PLCs and SCADA-based system and adopts certain basic design, requirements of alarm monitoring system presented in literary, works. The points.
The sliding jaw carries the vernier scale, and this scale has 25 spaces, each of which is only 0.024 inch, 0.001 inch less than a space on the blade scale.
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be used for measuring angles as well as the depth of holes drilled at an angle to the surface. In the second, case, the fault is said to be detected if the discrepancy or, residual is above or below a certain threshold.
Sixteen, digital inputs are monitored in this work via an SM 1221 DC, signal module. The fact that the 24th graduation of the thimble is on the zero line shows that the 0.025-inch graduation on the barrel has not been reached.
Redundancy is present at the server levels. Some of these rules can. (Uk�=��c�P��n\���~��d��pgq3�W�=�r�O�J����ϥ>SG�gZ��i^'���H��oX���_@�� ���r� The commonly used universal type, Fig. The safety against collapse decreases. Furthermore, the experimental sensitivity values of the residual equations allow the fault size to be estimated with sufficient accuracy. MEASURING A DIAMETER WITH INSIDE CALIPERS. 178 (b), and record the reading of the last graduation on the left of the zero of the vernier scale. 165. All the screens for different sensors in our design are considered as the HMI (Human Machine Interface) of the SCADA system monitoring a group of sensors, which can help the operator in the control room to make online control on ship.
The Plant section produces a mimic display of the plant status. The testing results proved that this design technique is reliable, efficient and effective for online engine control room device monitoring. 14. These are used for making measurements beyond the capacity of the machinist's rule, or for measuring curved objects, as can be done conveniently with the steel tape or the flexible steel rule. 18, no. The iron or steel might cause a dangerous spark when dropped into an empty fuel tank. Torsion Meter.-The torsion meter is an instrument used for determining the shaft horsepower being transmitted by a revolving shaft, such as the line shaft of a turbine-propelled vessel. 163 gives readings in thousandths of an inch. This, allows simulations to be performed through Ethernet commu-, nication with the PC, even before real-time test is carried out, in the control room.
137. Small-Hole Gages.-One common method of finding the diameter of a small hole is to try various twist drills in it until one is found that just fits in the hole.
In order to maintain and repair all kinds of engine-room equipment, especially machinery that operates at high pressures and speeds, the careful and skillful use of measuring tools is essential. Since a 3-inch measurement is desired in this instance, the best method is to compress the legs of the dividers slightly with the hand, and then loosen the adjusting screw until the legs will open slightly wider than 3 inches.
For instance, logical output, DI a. It is graduated in 40 divisions, each 0.025 inch in width, and a complete revolution of the thimble moves the thimble exactly 0.025 inch along the barrel, or from one graduation to the next. The enhancement in project data analysis is effectively done through the integration of PLC with Labview.
In many cases, creating a display, section in a SCADA GUI is vital since it provides easier access, to real measured values in a more simple way, it eliminates other indicator buttons. 9. Engine room hoist, tools and heavy spare parts stowed and secured.
The torsion meter measures the torsion, or twist, of the shaft under operating conditions, and this measurement, in conjunction with the known stiffness of the material of which the shaft is made, and the rpm of the shaft, enables the horsepower to be computed. 172?
For reasonable accuracy the reading of Fig.
!�� mru�>�����x�_�����_.��R;�GQJmӧ,�S���'4'>NS��С�S���Pj�����*���B�%�����O�I2;�M̄r� ters for Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm will be instinctively tuned to different levels of all heuristics to obtain suboptimal level, then multiple crossovers and mutation operators will be used alongside those selected parameters while generating results with the hybrid algorithm. Give the measurements indicated by views (a) and (b) of Fig. To use the gage, the ball end is placed in the hole and the two halves expanded by turning the handle. 2.
<> The gage shown in Fig. The alarm notification, section provides easier fault identification. 5.
WinCC Flexible is used to create screens.
Using Micrometer.-The use of an outside micrometer in measuring the dimensions of a piece of metal is shown in Fig. from the end. MEASURING WITH OUTSIDE CALIPERS. The proposed.
then withdrawn from the hole and the diameter of the ball end measured with a micrometer. In addition, the fault diagnostic, algorithm employed in this paper is different from those, presented in literature [7]. The rounded corner of each blade of a radius gage is the arc of a circle, and the radius of the arc is stamped on the blade, as shown in Fig. Unlike the various design methods presented in the literature, where two or more sensors are used to access a single input, parameter, the proposed technique employs a single sensor, for parameter assessments. Written by experienced marine engineers, the ebook features self-explanatory illustrations and step-by-step methods for all mandatory tests, measurements, and checks. 14 indicate the, logics behind the Oil Level measurements. In addition, a W, monitoring system will be designed to monitor and share data. from nuisance alarms, confused and unclear alarm messages. This paper is practical design and implementation of open architecture ship control, alarm and monitoring system using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) .Modern ships have an automatic system control which includes control, alarm and monitoring system that have access to all process control station and can monitor them. USE OF DEPTH MICROMETER AND EXTENSION ROD.
When it is necessary to use an inside micrometer of the type shown in Fig. Some speed indicators are equipped with a small rubber-faced wheel which can be slipped on the spindle. If the diameter measures exactly twice the desired setting, the dividers are set properly. The gage. Many micrometers, however, have a vernier scale on the barrel, enabling measurements to be taken to 1/10,000 inch.
The notches in the edge of this gage also have an angle of 60° and are used to check the grinding of thread-cutting tools, as American National thread has a thread angle of 60°. Surface Gage.-A surface gage is used to measure height and for scribing layout lines on vertical surfaces. Many thanks. These spaces are sub-divided into spaces of 1/10 (0.100) inch and 1/40 (0.025) inch. Another type of speed indicator has a small pin on its graduated ring, and is equipped with a notched disk. The telescoping gage should. To use the circumference rule, read straight across from the diameter measurement to the number on the opposite edge.
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