Ghazi Fabrics International Limited(GFIL), First Capital Securities Corporation(FCSC). In 2017 GRAS GmbH conducted a sustainability risk analysis for Corbion. The sugar extraction rate is expected to increase to 109 kilograms per ton of cane, compared to 107.9 kilograms per ton of cane in MY2016/17 due to favorable weather conditions … GWP of PLA future scenarios including: (1) higher sugarcane yield, closer to the genetic potential, (2) mechanical harvesting, (3) increased electricity surplus at the sugar mill, (4) use of renewable electricity in the manufacture of PLA from sugars and (2) lower usage of chemicals in the lactic acid process (gypsum-free process). Article At the mill, the consumption of energy is expected to decrease, to meet Bonsucro principles. Stillage has multiple applications such as animal feed, biogas production, and bio-fuel. The second expected development is the implementation of a gypsum-free technology for lactic acid, thereby diminishing the consumption of major chemicals. Installing high pressure boilers with high energy efficiency. Centrifugal sugar is produced in more than 60 countries while noncentrifugal sugar in about twenty countries. Farmers still practice burning, because pre-harvest burning eases manual harvesting. The baht is Asia’s best performing currency this year and is trading at its strongest in more than six years against the U.S. dollar. The different contributions to the overall value follow the same distribution as the water consumption volumes shown in Fig. In the sugar mill, the cane is crushed to extract cane juice. New Zealand’s milk production in 2021 is forecast at 22 million metric tons (MMT), down slightly from the record volume now estimated for 2020 (22.19 MMT). Home / Thailand Sugar Production. 2 and Table 4). While this is a good first estimate, a more detailed analysis at basin level is recommended [33]. Bridging these gaps can provide relevant information for academic researchers, brand owners and policy makers on the potential environmental impacts of biobased plastics, recognized as building blocks of the bio-economy and circular economy. Therefore, it is grown in tropical or subtropical areas. http://www.wri.org/applications/maps/aqueduct-atlas/#x=-123.31&y=-14.51&s=ws!20!28!c&t=waterrisk&w=def&g=0&i=BWS-16!WSV-4!SV-2!HFO-4!DRO-4!STOR-8!GW-8!WRI-4!ECOS-2!MC-4!WCG-8!ECOV-2!&tr=ind-1!prj-1&l=3&b=terrain&m=single-BWS, Goedkoop M et al (2009) ReCiPe 2008: a life cycle impact assessment method which comprises harmonised category indicators at the midpoint and the endpoint level, Report I38. Home | Thailand Sugar Grades | Thailand Sugar Production | Contact Us, Did you find apk for android? https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/581984, Prasara-A J, Gheewala SH (2016) Sustainability of sugarcane cultivation: case study of selected sites in north-eastern Thailand. Biobased products are totally or partly derived from materials of biological origin, such as, crops, plants or other renewable agricultural, marine or forestry materials. The use of renewable carbon feedstocks for chemical production has a clear link to reducing the risk of climate change and reduced dependency on fossil resources: during the production of these materials atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the plants [2]. For these impact categories, a contribution analysis is carried out to identify potential improvements and knowledge gaps. Correspondence to © Copyright 2017 by Farmimex.
Therefore, the raw sugar used annually by Corbion for the production of PLA at Total Corbion PLA requires an estimated 20,000 ha or 0.12% of the Thai available arable land. Combined, these measures have the potential to reduce the CO2 footprint from 501 to − 909 kg CO2 eq/ton PLA, and further reduce the environmental footprint of PLA. Impurities become entangled in the growing crystals of precipitate and are removed by continuous filtration. This carbon is eventually released at the end of the product lifecycle, with a net neutral impact on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. The additional inputs adding up to terrestrial eutrophication are the NOx emissions to air from combustion processes in general: transport, electricity production and production of the chemicals used in the process such as lime and sulfuric acid. The diagram representing the production of PLA is given in Fig. Recent literature studies have collected data from specific Thai sugarcane plantations, showing that the amount, type and application frequency of fertilizers varies significantly from plantation to plantation [19, 20]. The CO2 uptake from the atmosphere, calculated using the biomaterial storage approach [27] is 1.833 kg CO2/kg PLA. Sugarcane production accounts for 76% of the impact on marine eutrophication and 50% of terrestrial eutrophication, driven by the fertilizer and manure use. The emissions to air from bagasse burning are based on Agri-footprint V2.0. Baseline water stress map in Thailand adapted from WRI aqueduct water risk atlas [42]. The sugar plantations of the North-East region and the PLA manufacturing site are in low water stress regions. 2020 © Business Recorder. In addition to the nutritional value, lactic acid in the product has benefits for animal health. Following this recommendation, the toxicity related impact categories are excluded from the hotspot analysis [13, 14, 26]. For the remaining sugar supply, the Thai weighted average DLUC is used, based on agricultural statistics between 1992–2011 which estimate an expansion area to sugarcane crop of 25%. vietreader.com - 10/29/2020 5:02:00 AM By the end of the 2019 to 2020 crop the export of Thai sugar to the nation had reached more than 862,000 tonnes, 12.1% higher than the volume of domestically produced sugar.
The syrup is evaporated until saturated with sugar.
According to Table 4, the largest impact on acidification was the lactic acid production stage, driven by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions. REU was mainly related to the energy content of sugarcane which ends up as sugar for PLA but also as bagasse used as an energy source in the sugar mill. It is subdivided into renewable energy use (REU) and non-renewable energy use (NREU). There is a tendency that (cane and sugar) output will be lower each year,” said Boonthin Kotsiri, a director at the cane and sugar body.
The pH of the fermentation is controlled using lime resulting in the formation of calcium lactate. The by-products generated, gypsum, biomass and stillage, were valorized and had a small negative contribution (− 2%). Together, these five categories cumulatively contribute to more than 80% of the environmental impact. In this study we provide up-to-date cradle-to-gate information on the environmental footprint of polylactic acid (PLA) produced in Thailand at commercial scale, covering emerging topics such as water footprint and direct land use change. Most of the water is recovered in the purification process and re-used or discharged for the wastewater treatment. FAOSTAT. All processes are included, with a cut-off lower than 2%, based on material an energy flows. According to PEF (Product Environmental Footprint) draft methodology, the most relevant impact categories are those cumulatively contributing to at least 80% of the total environmental impact, [14, 26], starting from the largest to smallest contributions. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. One step further is to include a characterization model based on changes in soil organic matter (SOM) as recommended by ILCD [16].
The dry sugar crystals are then sorted by size through vibrating screens and placed into storage bins. The fermentation broth is concentrated and calcium lactate is acidulated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to recover crude lactic acid.