The family also includes such familiar substances as cholesterol and the carbohydrates. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. 0 �D The process begins by identifying the longest carbon chain that Phenols are weakly acidic. 56 0 obj <> endobj ). The longest continuous chain (LCC) of carbon atoms containing the OH group is taken as the parent compound—an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms.
What is taken as the LCC in naming the compound? Missed the LibreFest? One safer phenolic antiseptic is 4-hexylresorcinol (4-hexyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene; resorcinol is the common name for 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, and 4-hexylresorcinol has a hexyl group on the fourth carbon atom of the resorcinol ring). © Doc Brown's Chemistry The chain is numbered from the end nearest the OH group. The family also includes such familiar substances as cholesterol and the carbohydrates.
This is common for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the respective suffixes -ene and -yne. (ii) Compounds containing C OHsp2 − bond: These alcohols contain —OH group bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond, i.e., to a vinylic carbon or to an aryl carbon. no. We start by drawing a chain of five carbon atoms: The numbers indicate that there is a methyl (CH3) group on the third carbon atom and an OH group on the second carbon atom. Begin at the end nearer the hydroxyl group, ignoring the location of other substituents. Missed the LibreFest? Identify the substituents.
Monohydric alcohols have the general formula C n H 2n+1 OH where n = 1, 2, etc. An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom. Identify the general structure for an alcohol. ��*$�(��� ����؉9SC+u3����93g�w�� ��JyHri�d�a5�ϰ��a�a\� Ch10 Alcohols; Struct + synth (landscape).docx Page 2 Nomenclature of Alcohols Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort. When the hydroxyl functional group is present together with a function of higher nomenclature priority, it must be cited and located by the prefix hydroxy and an appropriate number. Phenols are widely used as antiseptics (substances that kill microorganisms on living tissue) and as disinfectants (substances intended to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects such as furniture or floors).
Here are some basic IUPAC rules for naming alcohols: Figure 14.1 "IUPAC Rules for Alcohols" shows some examples of the application of these rules. 101 0 obj <>stream Legal. ], read feedback * email query?comment [xxx] ref. Indeed, it is safe enough to be used as the active ingredient in some mouthwashes and throat lozenges. Explain.
Two OH groups on the first and fifth carbon atoms make the compound a diol and give the name 1,5-pentanediol (rule 3). The name is 6,8-dimethyl-3-decanol (not 3,5-dimethyl-8-decanol). Table 14.2 "Classification and Nomenclature of Some Alcohols" names and classifies some of the simpler alcohols. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. STEP 2: Number the carbon atoms in the main chain. Common names: Name of alkyl group, followed by word alcohol. 13.2: Alcohols - Nomenclature and Classification, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "transcluded:yes", "license:ccbyncsa", "source-chem-16042" ], 13.1: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups. Alcohols are common in nature. The names and structures of some alcohols demonstrate the use of IUPAC rules. Phenol is toxic to humans, however, and can cause severe burns when applied to the skin. We can also represent them as R-OH where R describes an alkyl group.
Consequently, amines are named as alkanamines. The 2 indicates that the OH group is attached to the second carbon atom. Naming Alcohols STEP 1: Name the parent compound. On longer chains the location of the hydroxyl group determines chain numbering.