Benzyl acetate is hydrolysed to benzyl alcohol which is oxidised to benzoic acid and excreted as hippuric acid (major metabolite) or mercapturic acid (minor metabolite). To test the function of a rose AATs in planta, transgenic petunia plants were generated constitutively expressing the rose gene (Guterman et al., 2006). Percutaneous absorption was studied in rats following topical application of neat benzyl acetate or a 50% solution in ethanol. Topical application of neat material or a 50% ethanolic dilution, resulted in recovery of radiolabelled material, from skin from the application site, from urine samples and a small quantity from the residual carcass. The toxicokinetics of benzyl acetate after gavage differed greatly from those after dosed feed administration.
Jackson, in Alcoholic Beverages, 2012. It also appears that loss to volatilization was inversely correlated with dose. Of these groups, the most sensorially significant are those based on acetic acid.
Even though the prediction of promiscuous activities is commonly considered to be extremely difficult,29 the active‐site hydrophobicity calculated from crystal structures seems to be highly predictive of acyltransferase activity in water.
A) Enzymatic acetylation of 2‐phenylethanol using vinyl acetate as an acyl donor. Following 24 hours exposure to rat dermis 28 to 48% of the dose was recovered from the exposed skin and a similar proportion was recovered as urinary metabolites and 4% was recovered from the residual carcass.
6 represent the π[Ph/(CH3COOCH2)H]. In general, higher relative activities were observed when using benzyl alcohol (Figure 3) instead of 2‐phenylethanol (Figure S7). The critical micelle concentration of SDS in micellar solutions was determined by both surface tension measurements utilizing Wilhelmy plate technique and by rate constant of hydrolysis. Toshio Fujita, ... Matazaemon Uchida, in Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition), 2010. Acyltransferase MsAcT Our assay has the advantage of being compatible with virtually any organic nucleophile as the acyl acceptor. The ability of some hydrolases to also maintain activity in a water‐free organic environment has enabled a broad spectrum of synthetically interesting transformations like (trans‐)esterification and amide formation.2 However, some hydrolases can catalyze acyl transfer even in the presence of bulk water, thereby providing a greener alternative by obviating the need for expensive and hard‐to‐dispose‐of organic solvents. Various ketones are also produced during fermentation. On the way to reaching its thermodynamic equilibrium, the reaction is rapidly quenched by acidification, thus indicating high hydrolase activity.
Report DMCA. In a study conducted by Yuan et al, (1995), the effects of gavage versus dosed feed administration on the toxicokinetics of benzyl acetate were studied in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. The major metabolite of BA detected in all animals was hippuric acid (Tables 4 and 5). The absence of the shield appeared to decrease retention at the application site, but increased excretion in faeces and urine. Hydrophobic pocket surface areas (visualized in Figure 2 B) calculated from the crystal structures were plotted against the hydrophobicity scores, revealing nearly perfect coherence (correlation coefficient r=0.98, Figure 2 A). Excretion of14C in the urine over 0-24 hr accounted for c. 95% of absorbed14C in all cases, and total recovery of radioactivity was 79-84% with <2% of the dose present in the carcass at the end of the experiments.
Also, metabolic fluxes between cell compartments in plants are only poorly understood (Rodríguez-Concepción & Boronat, 2015). An attempt to evaluate the kinetically effective critical micelle concentration CMC of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in micellar solutions and in O/W emulsions at 40°C and pH 9 utilizing the pseudo first order rate constant of benzyl acetate hydrolysis was implemented. These studies revealed that ylang–ylang oil can be used safely as flavoring agent in foods and the oil has been approved by different regulatory agencies. It has stimulant, relaxant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, aphrodisiac activity. Although we did not introduce a sesquiterpene synthase in the plastid, additional sesquiterpenes were observed in the transgenic lines. What is the use of the sodium bicarbonate wash? BAHD acyltransferases are known to be involved in the biosyntheses of several aroma and flavor compounds, although amino acid identities among homologous enzymes can vary enormously, with the petunia BAHD homolog being only 22–26% identical to benzyl alcohol/phenylethanol benzoyl transferase (BPBT) from petunia, BEAT from C. breweri, and a rose (Rosa hybrida) alcohol acyltransferase (AAT1), respectively. A. Bekatorou, in Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016. Herein, we provide evidence that acyltransferase activity in esterases highly correlates with the hydrophobicity of the substrate‐binding pocket. Variants of the Acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis Enable Enantioselective Acyl Transfer in Water. In contrast, much lower benzoic acid plasma concentrations were found after treated dietary administration at about 615 mg/kg /day for rats and about 850 mg/kg/day for mice.